VSE++: Improving Visual-Semantic Embeddings with Hard Negatives
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We present a new technique for learning visual-semantic embeddings for cross-modal retrieval. Inspired by the use of hard negatives in structured prediction, and ranking loss functions used in retrieval, we introduce a simple change to common loss functions used to learn multi-modal embeddings. That, combined with fine-tuning and the use of augmented data, yields significant gains in retrieval performance. We showcase our approach, dubbed VSE++, on the MS-COCO and Flickr30K datasets, using ablation studies and comparisons with existing methods. On MS-COCO our approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods by 8.8
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